منابع مشابه
Mental models and human reasoning.
To be rational is to be able to reason. Thirty years ago psychologists believed that human reasoning depended on formal rules of inference akin to those of a logical calculus. This hypothesis ran into difficulties, which led to an alternative view: reasoning depends on envisaging the possibilities consistent with the starting point--a perception of the world, a set of assertions, a memory, or s...
متن کاملSpatial Reasoning and Mental Models
Searching for alternative solutions of an indeterminate reasoning task is an important and necessary step in order to draw certain inferences as in the case of deduction. To elucidate the underlying mental representations and processes of the search for alternatives in spatial reasoning, an experiment was conducted that used specific material stemming from AI research of Qualitative Spatial Rea...
متن کاملMental models and temporal reasoning.
We report five experiments investigating reasoning based on temporal relations, such as: "John takes a shower before he drinks coffee". How individuals make temporal inferences has not been studied hitherto, but we conjectured that they construct mental models of events, and we developed a computer program that reasons in this way. As the program shows, a problem of the form: a before b b befor...
متن کاملMental models and nonmonotonic reasoning
Johnson-Laird & Byrne (J-L & B) are equivocal concerning the scope of mental-model theory. On the one hand, they are careful to note that mental models are aimed primarily at explaining deduction, although commonsense inference is not deductive in character. On the other hand, they contend that mental-model theory solves the problem of nonmonotonic reasoning, which is not deductive and is chara...
متن کاملMental models in deductive reasoning.
We report research investigating the role of mental models in deduction. The first study deals with conjunctive inferences (from one conjunction and two conditional premises) and disjunctive inferences (from one disjunction and the same two conditionals). The second study examines reasoning from multiple conditionals such as: If e then b; If a then b; If b then c; What follows between a and c? ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012933107